The postpartum period, also known as the fourth trimester, is a time of immense change, not just physically, but emotionally and hormonally. After giving birth, the body initiates a series of hormonal adjustments to help the mother recover and transition into postpartum life. We often find ourselves wondering why we feel a certain way at certain points postnatally and this leads to the question: What happens to hormones after birth?
What happens to our hormones after birth – the main offenders
Oestrogen and Progesterone
These hormones, which were at their peak during pregnancy, plummet shortly after delivery. This sudden drop can contribute to the so called “baby blues” and, in some cases, postpartum depression.
The return to pre-pregnancy hormone levels can vary greatly, but generally hormones will normalize within three to six months (breast feeding time can impact this).
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
The hormone responsible for maintaining the early stages of pregnancy vanishes quickly after birth (usually within a few weeks). Typically this drop doesn’t cause significant symptoms, but can contribute to the overall postpartum hormone shifts, leading to mood swings, fatigue, and irritability.
Prolactin Takes Over
Known as the “milk-making hormone,” prolactin surges after childbirth to stimulate milk production. Interestingly, it also has a calming effect, helping mothers feel relaxed during breastfeeding.
If you are breastfeeding however, as you wean from it, your prolactin and oxytocin levels will drop, potentially leaving you feeling sad, anxious or irritable. These are usually short-lived, but a slow approach to weaning may help reduce adverse effects (read more here).
Oxytocin
Oxytocin plays a key role in promoting bonding between mother and baby. It’s released in large amounts during labour to assist with contractions and continues to be produced during breastfeeding, helping with the let-down reflex and fostering a deep connection.
Oxytocin levels, remain elevated for a period after delivery, but generally begin to decrease within a few weeks postpartum, with some studies suggesting this may occur within the first 8 weeks (see study here).
Thyroid Hormones May Fluctuate
After giving birth, some women may experience thyroid imbalances, such as postpartum thyroiditis. This can result in either hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid) or hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid), affecting energy levels and mood (More info on this here).
Watch for symptoms like:
- Anxiety or nervousness
- Irritability
- Feeling warm or hot
Insomnia or trouble sleeping
- Rapid heartbeat
- Muscle weakness
- Unexplained weight loss
Cortisol and Stress Response
Postpartum life can bring both joy and stress. Cortisol, the stress hormone, may spike due to sleep deprivation and the demands of caring for a new born. Finding ways to manage stress is crucial during this time.
We have an information page here on how to help sleep and deal with insomnia.
What happens to hormones after birth: Your Mental Health
With all these hormonal changes, it’s no surprise that emotions can run high. It’s important to acknowledge
that mood swings, anxiety, and even depression are common, and seeking support can make a world of difference.
We really like this post on the Bodily website which shows all the different stages of healing and what to expect to see and feel through those phases.
Practical Tips for Navigating Hormonal Changes
Prioritize Rest
Sleep when you can to support your body’s recovery. Easier said than done but have a look at some additional research-backed tips here
Stay Nourished
A balanced diet can help regulate energy and mood. We have more information on how to make this easier, in our blog here.
Seek Support
Whether from a partner, family, or healthcare provider, don’t hesitate to ask for help.
Monitor Your Mood
If you’re feeling overwhelmed or notice symptoms of postpartum depression, reach out to a healthcare provider.
If you’re in the UK then speak to your midwife initially or alternatively the NHS recommend the following organisations:
- Association for Post Natal Illness (APNI) – helpline on 020 7386 0868 (10am to 2pm, Monday to Friday) or email info@apni.org
- Pre and Postnatal Depression Advice and Support (PANDAS) – helpline on 0808 196 1776 (11am to 10pm every day) or email info@pandasfoundation.org.uk
- NCT – helpline on 0300 330 0700 (9am to 5pm, Monday to Friday)
- Mind, the mental health charity – infoline on 0300 123 3393 (9am to 6pm, Monday to Friday) or email info@mind.org.uk
You can also search for local support groups and find details of national telephone or email support lines on the Maternal Mental Health Alliance website.